Coin counting device



March 12, 1946.

2 sheets-sheet 1l COIN COUNTING DEVICE Filed. May 31, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 12, 1946 COIN COUN TIN G DEVICE Eugen Reis, Bruchsal, Baden,

in the Alien Property Germany; vested Custodian Application May 31, 1940, Serial No. 338,135

In Germany A Claims.

This invention relates to a coin counting device of the type in which the coin that is the lowermost at the time being of a pile of coins guided in a vertical tube is ejected by a horizontally movable slide, the coin being utilized for the actuation of means for counting the coins individually for rouleaus of coins, as well as co1- lectively. Concerning counting devices of this type the idea of lifting a vertically guided lever having a roll lying in the path of travel of the individually ejected coins different extents depending upon the thickness of the individual coins is known. As, for instance, the thickness of a l-pfennig-piece amounts only to 1.1 mm., the stroke of the driving lever is very small, which necessitates the provision of correspondingly large ratios of transmission movement in order to operate the counting device. Considering the unavoidable backlash, or lost motion, in the transmission train the slight driving stroke mentioned is liable to fail to properly operate the counting mechanisms. When such a counting device also is used to count 5-mark-pieces, the thickness of which is more than double the thickness of the 1pfennigpieces, it is necessary to compensate for the greater thickness of the coins, by providing for a backlash of more than half the extent of movement imparted to it by the passage of the coin beneath the drive lever. This is effected by the use of helical springs which, owing to their light tension, do not respond sufciently reliably to the slight pfennig-stroke, and operate the counting mechanism either not at all or insuiciently.

The present improved coin counting device obviates the above mentioned drawbacks by determining the length of the stroke of the lever mentioned, not according to the thickness of the coins being counted, but according to the diameter of the same, the length of the stroke, as regards, for instance, a pfennig, amounting, therefore, not to 1.1 mm., but to 17 mm. Whichis transmitted to said lever. The system of piling the coins in a vertical tube and withdrawing them singly from the lower end thereof is maintained, the only requirement being to provide in front of the delivery slot of said tube a member movable parallel t0 the path of the coins and effective to transmit motion to the counting mechanism.

If said member is a spring-actuated lever which is supported on a rocking shaft located above the above-mentioned slot, the free end of said leverl or arm extending into the coin feed path, the further advantage will be obtained that, irrespecpril 15, 1939 tive of the dilTerent diameters of the coins, the length of movement of said free lever end will be nearly always the same, because the end can be so adjusted that after having traversed a distance of about 15 mm., it escapes past or slides off from the leading edge of 'the coin and now rests upon the upper surface of the same. The just mentioned action varies slightly according to the diiferent thicknesses of the coins, but the difference between the feed as regards a pfennigpiece and the feed as regards a -mark-piece amounts, if the minimum length of the stroke amounts to about 15 mm., only to from 2 to 3 mm. The dilferences between the lengths of the strokes can, therefore, be rendered extraor dinarily uniform.

The driving system designed according to this invention results in the use of only a few levers with normal ratio proportions. The grand total counting mechanism, for instance, can be actuated directly from the rotary shaft of the driving feed lever by means of a simple lever, and in the same manner the counting mechanism for individual rouleaus or amounts of coins can be actuated merely by the intermediary of a longitudinal drive member. The small number of the levers reduces considerably the total play of or lost motion in the device and the acceleration 0f of the masses so that a higher number of revolutions per unit of time is made possible.

The invention is illustrated diagrammatically and by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a side-view of the machine, illustrating the arrangement of the new system of levers, Figure 2 is a part-plan view pertaining to Fig. 1, and Figures 3 and 4 show details fully explained hereinafter.

In the drawings, I (Fig. 1) denotes the counting table upon which the coins are dumped indiscriminately and are shoved towards the hopper 2 (Fig. 3) of the vertical tube 3 in which the coins form automatically a pile. The lower end of the vertical coin tube 3 is recessed or cut away throughout substantially half of its circumference to form a delivery slot or discharge opening I8 for the coins. The lowermost coin rests upon the guide member 4 upon which the slide 6 is movable between lateral guide ledges 5. The slide is forked at its front end and the end portions 1 of the tines of the fork are beveled or sloped inwardly to enable the fork to conform in some degree to the peripheries of the coins, so that the coin which the fork has seized is automatically centered. The slide E is accurately as thick as a l-pfennig-piece. slide is pivotally connected is moved to and fro by a rocking arm I Il carried by a rotary shaft II supported in the frame of the device. The rocking arm is connected with a coupling sleeve I2 (see Fig. 2) journaled on a rod II mounted at its ends in the side frames of the machine. A similar coupling sleeve I3 likewise journaled on the rod II, is releasably coupled with the sleeve I2 and iirmly connected with a crank-arm I3 connected by a connecting rod I4 with a crank arm I4 driven by a pinion I5 meshing with a drive gear I6 manually rotatable by a crank I1.

At the side of the coin tube 3 and above'the coin delivering slot I6 thereof is a cross rod I9 firmly supported in the frame of the device, on which cross rod is journaled a sleeve to which a steel spring driving arm 2I is affixed. The lower end of this resilient arm is situated in front of the delivery slot I8 just in the middle of the path on which the coins are projected by the ejecting slide S. Attached to the sleeve 26 is, furthermore, an upwardly extending arm 22, the upper end of which is connected with the operating lever 24 of the grand total counting mechanism 25 by the helical Spring 23. The sleeve 20 is also provided with a depending arm 26, to the lower end of which is hinged a pawl-actuating member 21 having a lifting step or cam 28 and being slidably supported upon a forked member 29 projecting through and guided vertically by the walls of an aperture formed through the bottom or guide plate 4 of the device. The forked supporting member 29 is supported on one end of a rocker 36 pivoted at 30' to a hanger 3D depending from the guide plate 4. The weight of the counter-actuating member 21 resting on the supporting member 29 of the rocker 30 tends to rock the rocker counterclockwise (Fig. 1) but the supporting member 29 is held in raised or elevated position by a cam 3| fast on a cam shaft 3I' extending between the side frames of the machine, the unmutilated periphery of the cam normally lying in contact with the remaining arm of the rocker 36. A handle 3 I is fast on one end of the cam shaftV 3l. The left-hand end of the pawl actuating member 21 with the lifting step or cam 2S can be loweredby turning the handle SI to rotate the cam shaft 3I and its cam 3I sufficiently to position the mutilated or low portion of the cam opposite the forward arm of the rocker 3G, whereupon the rocker turns counter-clockwise by gravity, lowering the forked At its rear end the Ysupport 29 and the pawl actuating member 21,

which is thus displaced relatively to the counting mechanism for rouleaus orseparate amounts of coins.

This counting ing elements.

A stationary dial 33 is applied to the exposed face of one of the side frames IUD of the machine, the face of the dial being conveniently graduated to a scale il-100, there being provided a free 0r compensating space between the 0 and the 100 graduations, for a purpose hereinafter explained.

An adjusting shaft 32 journaled in the side frames of the machine projects at one end centrally of the dial 33 (see Fig. l), the projecting end of the shaft having fixed thereon a pointer or hand coacting with the graduations on the dial. An adjusting knob 34 fast on the outer projecting end of the adjusting shaft enables the operator to turn the shaft and pointer to mechanism includes the follow- Apointer 35 on the .adjusting shaft position the pointer ln line with any desired graduation.

A ratchet wheel 3B is fast on the adjusting shaft at a convenient point within the frame of the machine to turn with the shaft, the number of teeth on the ratchet wheel corresponding with the number of graduations of the dial.

Also a circular clutch-controlling disk 31 is secured to the adjusting shaft 32 within the machine, the periphery of the clutch-controlling disk 31 having an abruptly shouldered cam recess 38 formed therein, to normally accommodate the laterally turned follower 45 of a clutchdisconnecting member 46, in the form of an angular lever or bell crank pivoted at 41 within the machine frame.

In the normal position of the machine, the 32 projects vertically upwardly to register with the numeral on the dial, at which time the recess 38 of the clutch-controlling disk 31 is diametrlcally opposite below, in vertical alinement with the pointer 35, to accommodate the follower 5 on the clutch-disconnecting lever 46, said follower, when the machine is at rest, lying against the abrupt shoulder of the recess, to prevent the operator from turning the shaft, with its clutchcontrolling disk, ratchet wheel 36 and pointer 35 in clockwise direction.

The vertical arm of the clutch-disconnecting bell crank 46 extends upwardly to a point adjacent a radially extending clutch-disconnecting stud 49 mounted on the rocking driving clutch sleeve I3 (see Fig. l), which driving clutch sleeve is axially slidable along the rod II into and out of engagement with its co-acting drive clutch sleeve I2 likewise journaled on the rod Il. A spring 56 encircling the rod II between the left side frame IOU of the machine and the axially shiftable driving clutch sleeve I3 tends to hold the driving clutch sleeve or member releasably engaged with the driven clutch sleeve I2 connected with the coin-actuating slide 6.

However, the upper end or head of the vertical arm of the clutch-disconnecting bell crank 46 has formed thereon a cam face 48, and when the follower 45 lies in the cam recess 38, the spring 5I connected to the vertical arm of the bell crank, rocks the bell crank counterclockwise (Fig. l) to enable the cammed face 48 of the vertical arm to co-act with the clutch disengaging stud 49 on the driving clutch member I3 and effect a disconnection of the clutch members.

To condition the machine for operation, the operator merely has to turn the knob 34 on the outer end of the shaft 32 to turn the pointer 35 and the clutch-controlling disk 31 connected therewith through a suflicient arc counterclockwise, t0 position the pointer in registry with the 0 graduation mark on the dial 33. The ratchet gear 36 also turns with the knob and the clutch controlling disk, but this is of no consequence.

The clutch-controlling disk, as it is thus rotated by the operator, causes the inclined edge of its abruptly shouldered cam recess 38 to cam the follower 45 radially outward, which rocks the clutch disconnecting bell crank 46 clockwise against the tension of its spring 5 I, to Withdraw the cam face 48 on the vertical arm of the bell crank from the clutch disconnecting stud 49 on the driven clutch member I3, whereupon the clutch engaging spring 50 shifts the driving clutch sleeve I3 into coupling engagement with the driven clutch member I2, which latter member, through the linkage I4, 9, is connected with the coin ejecting slide 6.

The "free space between the and "100 graduation marks permits this conditioning adjustment without interfering with the proper and accurate count of the coins, the angular distance of the arc defined by such free space corresponding to and compensating for the angular distance traversed by the shouldered recess 38 in camming the follower 45 out of the recess and onto the unmutilated periphery of the clutch-controlling disk 31.

To adjust the machine to repeatedly count xed numbers of coins of like value for packaging in rouleaus, for example, or for other purposes, the operator turns the pointer 35 in counterclockwise direction to that graduation on the dial 33, the difference between which graduation and 100 equals the number of like coins to be packaged. `For example, if'it is desired to obtain successive quantities of twenty coins, the operator will set the pointer to the 80 graduation, the difference between 80 and 100 being 2203 It will be recalled that as each coin is ejected from the coin tube 3 by the coin ejecting slide 6, such ejected coin collides with the lower free end of the depending armv 2| to rock said arm and the shaft i3 to which it is attached, counterclockwise (Fig. 1), and that the shaft I9 is connected by a second arm 23 with one end of the actuating member 21, to reciprocate said member which is provided with a cam face 28.

This counter-clockwise rotation of the shaft I9 tensions a return spring 22 (Fig. 2) encircling the shaft I9, one end of the spring being conveniently anchored to the adjacent side wall |00 of the machine, the opposite end of the spring being secured to the arm 22.

The purpose of this spring is to restore the pawl actuating member 21 and the grand total counter arm 22 to their normal positions.

This re-ciprocatory actuating member elects the count of the series of like quantities of coins as follows:

A quadrant-like bell crank 4i) is journaled at its vertex on the adjusting shaft 32, the substantially horizontal arm of the bell crank 42 extending over the adjacent end of the reciprocatory actuating member 21 and having a pawl 39 of resilient material mounted at its free end, the pawl extending upwardly adjacent the ratchet wheel 35. The free toothed end of the pawl 39 is oif-set to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel,

In its idle position, the horizontal arm of the quadrant-like bell crank 49, which arm carries a follower roll 4I, lies at its normal limit of clockwise travel with its roll 4| resting on the low point of the cam 28 of its reciprocatory actuating member 21.

Forward reciprocation of the pawl actuating member and its cam' face 28 causes the latter to rock the quadrant-like bell crank 40 counterclockwise (Fig. l). The pawl 39 of the bell crank engaged with the ratchet 33, is thus caused to turn the ratchet, the clutch-control disk 31, shaft 32, knob 34 andpointer 35 in counter-clockwise direction relatively to the dial 33.

To restrict the movement of the ratchet wheel 36 and its connected parts to one step of travel and prevent overthrow, the free end of the upwardly extending arm of the quadrant-like bell crank 49 carries a laterally extending stop-lug 43 normally spaced apart from a pinion 42 by a distance approximately equal to the extent of throw imparted to the bell crank and its pawl 39 by the reciprocatory cam face 28 of the pawl actuating member 21. The pinion 42 is suitably journaled on a partition plate IDI (Fig. 2) and constantly meshes with the teeth of the ratchet wheel 36. As the bell crank 40 is completing its counter-clockwise stroke (Fig. l), its laterally extending stop lug 43 enters between two of the teeth of the pinion 42 and is arrested by contact with the body of the pinion, thus terminating the extent of travel of the feed pawl 39 and determining the length of step imparted t0 the ratchet 36. The pinion 42 is also arrested and, because of its meshing engagement with the ratchet wheel, locks the ratchet wheel and its connected parts against overthrow due to momentum or inertia.

The coin-ejecting slide 6, in thrusting the ejected coin against the resilient arm 2|, to rock the shaft I9, tensions the spring 22 and after the escape of the coin from beneath the arm 2|, the spring 22 restores the arm 22, shaft I9, arms 2| and 26 and pawl-actuating member 21 to their normal positions, so that the roll 4I of the quadrantal pawl carrier 43 can again seat on the low point of the cam 28.

A spring-pressed ratchet supported on the partition Il, engages the ratchet wheel 36 to permit counter-clockwise rotation thereof and prevent clockwise rotation. A spring 44a'connected to the vertical arm of the quadrantal pawl carrier 4B is anchored to the pivot pin of the ratchet detent, such spring being tensioned as the pawl carirer and feed pawl 39 rock counter-clockwise. As soon, therefore, as the incline of the cam face 28 on the pawl actuating member 21 is again presented to the follower roll 4I of the quadrantal pawl carrier during the restorationof the actuating member to its idle position, the spring 44a rocks the pawl carrier 40 clockwise seating the follower roll 4| on the low point of the cam and withdrawing the feed pawl 39 idly over the teeth of the ratchet to position to take a new bite on the ratchet wheel. Incidentally, the stop lug 43 is withdrawn from between the teeth of the pinion 42, thus freeing the ratchet and pinion for rotation on the next stroke of the feed pawl.

As explained, the operator, in rotating the crank I1 effects an oscillation of the driving clutch sleeve or member I3 through the gears I5, I6, and the linked crank arms I4', I3. This motion is communicated by the driving clutch sleeve I3 to the driven sleeve or co-acting clutch member I2 to reciprocate the coin ejecting slide 6, during which the spring 5i) will yieldingly maintain the clutch member I3 engaged with the driven clutch member I2.

detent 44 pivotally The operator will continue to turn the crank I1, and the foregoing operations will be repeated, the pointer 35 indicating such repeated operations successively by its step by step movement in counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 1) from the graduation to the graduation 100. As the pointer arrives at the graduation, the deepest portion of the cam recess 38 of the arresting disk 31 which has advanced with the pointer, is presented to the follower 45 of the clutch disconnecting lever, whereupon the spring 5I of the clutch-disconnecting angular lever 46 rocks said lever abruptly counter-clockwise to position the cam face 48 of the clutch-disconnecting angular lever 46 in effective relation with the stud 49 of the axially shiftable driving clutch member I3, whereupon the stud wipes along the cam face 48 which crowds the stud and its driving coupling member to the right (Fig. 2) axially of the rod against the tension of the coupling spring 50 to disengage the driving clutch member from the driven clutch member I2 as the driving clutch member completes its oscillatory movement, and thus disconnects the power from the coin-ejecting slide B.

Continued operation of the crank I1 will merely rock the driving clutch member I3 idly on its supporting rod II, and the clutch-disconnecting stud 49 projecting from the clutch sleeve I3 will wipe back and forth on the cam face 48.

From the foregoing it is evident that in the idle position of the parts, the driving mechanism can transmit no motion to the driven clutch I2 and hence the coin ejecting slide 6 remains stationary.

This manner of effecting the disengagement presents the advantage that the disengagement of the drive takes place free of shocks in that the manually operable crank I1 can be further turned without harmful effect. The bell-crank lever 45 is, on the one hand, continually drawn by the helical spring into the position in which the uncouplingv of the drive is eiiected, it is true, but on the other hand, it is likewise continually prevented from exerting that effect by the stop 45 bearing upon the rim of the disk 31 which is unmutilated on all other portions of its circumference, the end-position 100- constituting, however, an exception as regards the action of the pinion 42 upon the angularly bent end 43 at the other arm of the bell-crank lever 40.

It will also be clear from the foregoing description, that the cam slide or member 21 will remain in operative relation with the counter actuator or bell crank 40 as long as the unrnutilated periphery of the cam 3| (Fig. 1) remains engaged with the free end of the rocker 3U. When it is desired to suspend the count of coins by equal lots, the cam shaft 3|' is rotated to locate the low point or dwell of the cam over the free end of the rocker. This enables the weight of the cam slide 21 to tilt the rocker counterclockwise to lower its forked slide-support 2S, and the slide rocks downwardly with the support. The counter actuator 40 also swings downwardly in clock-wise direction during the initial movement of the slide until the oif-set lug 43 at the upper end of the vertical arm of the counteractuator 40 contacts the detent 44, or a suitable stop pin (not shown), which arrests farther clockwise follow-up movement of the bell crank and pawl. The cam slide 21, however, continues its counter-clockwise travel until the high dwell of its cam 28 lies a suicient distance beneath the roll 4I of the bell crank or counter actuator so that the cam slide cannot actuate the bell crank.

To facilita-te the adjustment of the pointer or hand 35 and the conditioning of the repeat counter to count various like numbers of coins to be packaged, as a succession of ten, twenty, thirty, etc., coins to the package, and also to obviate errors in the adjustment, intermediate stop members 52 (Fig. 2), are provided which can be projected beyond the plane of the dial so as to block the path of the hand or pointer. These intermediate stops 52 are normally retained by springs 53 so that their outer ends are retracted within the plane of the stationary graduated disk 33, but they can be manually projected outwardly temporarily by depression of their respective keys, each key having its individual lever 54 aseacoc suitably pivoted on the inner face of the side frame |00, the free inner end of each lever lying beneath its appropriate intermediate stop 52. The selected stop projecting key is held depressed to retain the corresponding intermediate stop in effective position until the hand or pointer has been adjusted to contact therewith, after which the selected key 55 may be released whereupon the projected intermediate stop is retracted by its spring 53 to its normal idle position.

Fig. 3 shows a transverse section through the coin table I. The left-hand portion of this table is situated above the counting mechanism, whereas the right-hand portion of said table can be turned downwardly around the hinge 56 to the position indicated by dot-and-dash lines to which the reference numeral I is also applied. Simultaneously therewith that part of the swinging end portion of the table which extends to the left (Fig. 3) of the hinge is upwardly turned so that a rim 51 is formed which completes the enclosure wherein the coins are initially dumped. This arrangement renders, therefore, possible not only a reduction of the space requisite for the device during transport, but also while the device is used for smaller amounts of coins, as in this case the remaining smaller portion of the table can be fully utilized owing to the existence of the above mentioned complete rim. The bracket 58 provided ior supporting the swinging portion of the table in its horizontal position, is laterally turnable.

The coins ejected one by one by the slide 6 slide down the inclined chute or way 59 after they have actuated the spring arm 2| in the manner above described. Resilient supporting members 6I are conveniently fastened at their upper ends at 60 to the opposed inner faces of the side walls of the chute 59, which resilient supports extend beyond the lower open end of the chute, headed studs 62, 63 ybeing mounted in such protruding ends.

The free ends of the resilient supports can be pressed towards each other against their tension to enable the suspension of a coin collecting tube 65 therefrom, the upper end of the tube being provided with bayonet slots 64, as shown in Fig. 4. The range of elasticity of the resilient supports 6| is sufficient to permit the selective suspension of collecting tubes for coins of various diameters. As the resilient supports form at the same time laterally adjustable walls due to the iiexing of the supports to iit them to the coin tubes, and hence the coins, of various diameters, an automatically centered feed of the coins to the small, as well as to the large collecting tubes is obtained whereby an accurate introduction of the coins into said tubes is effected.

It will be understood that because of the particular method of setting the hand 35 (Fig. 1) and clutch control disk 31, the clutch disengaging feature is retained irrespective of the adjustment of the counter for various numbers or quantities of coins to the rouleau. Thus, whether the counter is set to count the coins in repeated batches or lots of 20, 40, 5() or 100 units, the ejection of the last coin making up the selected lot will result in the disengagement of the clutch sleeves |2 and I3 with a consequent cessation of the ejection of the coins and the counting thereof, until the clutch control disk is reset.

I claim:

l. A coin counting device comprising a coin stack container; a coin ejector to eject the coins one by one from the container; means to drive the coin ejector; an arm operable by the coins which disk as they are successively ejected; a counting ratchet; a cam member connected to said arm for operation thereby; said cam member, and intermittently engaging said ratchet to advance the latter step by step; a notched disk connected with said counting ratchet; a coupling mechanism between the drive means and the coin ejector; and a coupling control member engageable with the periphery of the notched disk, the unmutilated periphery of maintains the coupling control member ineffective, and the notched portion of which disk releases the coupling control member to effect disconnection or the coupling mechanism.

2. A counting device including a container for stacked coins; a coin ejector to eject the coins one by one from the container; means to drive the coin ejector; a rocking spring-pressed arm extending into the path along which said co-ins are ejected, to be rocked in one direction by said coins as they are successively ejected; a reciprocable cam member connected with, and operable by said rocking arm; a movable supporting member for the cam member; a counting mechanism; means with which the cam member co-acts and operable from and towards a normal home position, to actuate the counting mechanism step by step; and means to adjust said movable supporting member to position said cam member into and out of operative relation with said actuating means for the countng mechanism to enable or disable said counting mechanism at will.

3. A coin counting device including a container for the stacked coins; a coin ejector to eject the coins one by one from the container; an arm extending into the path of, and operable by each coin as it is ejected; a drive for the coin ejector; connectible and disconnectible clutch means interposed between the drive and the coin ejector; a counting mechanism; a rotatable clutch control disk connected with the counting mechanism; means operable by said arm to advance the counting mechanism and its disk step by step from a predetermined constant starting point clutch disconnecting means; and means controlled by said clutch control disk and eiective, when the disk has advanced to a predetermined point, to enable the clutch disconnecting means to disconnect the clutch means.

4. In a. coin-counting machine, the combinaa rocking pawl actuated byy for advancing the counter tion With a coin stacker; a drive mechanism; coin ejecting means operable by the drive mechanism to eject the coins one by one from the bottom of the coin stacker; a step by step repeat counter to count numbers of coins; means to variously adjust the counter to count the coins in lots of various numbers as desired; means operable by the coins as they are respectively ejected, to aclvance the repeat counter step by step; and a releasable clutch between the drive and the coinejecting means; of a clutch control disk shiftable step by step with the counter; means to, arrest the clutch control disk against rotation in one direction, at a predetermined point in the rotation of the disk; and means associated with the arresting means for the clutch control disk, to disengage the clutch synchronously with the ejection of the last coin completing the number for which the counter has been set.

5. In a coin counting machine, the combination with a coin container; a drive mechanism; coinejecting means operable by the drive mechanism to eject the coins one by one from the coin container; a step -by step repeat counter to count the numbers of coins ejected in lots; and means operable by the coins as they are ejected to advance the repeat counter step by step; of a releasable clutch including interengaging clutch members interposed between the drive mechanism and the coin ejecting means, one of said clutch members being shiftable towards and from its co-acting clutch member; a clutch control disk connected with the counter for rotation therewith; a clutch control member having an arm with which the clutch control disk coacts to contro-1 the position of the control member; a second arm on said clutch control mem-ber to co-act with said shiftable clutch member, said clutch control disk being returnable by the means from any of its set positions to render the clutch control member eiective at a predetermined constant position of said clutch control disk and counter to automatically disconnect the clutch members, said clutch control disk, When set to starting position, being eiective to shift the clutch control member to idle position; and means to ire-engage the clutch members upon the withdrawal of the clutch control member to its idle position.

' EUGEN REIS. 

